VITAMIN B-1 THIAMINE
  • Dosing
    		•
  • Therapeutic Uses
    		•
  • Sources
  • High-Risk Groups
    		•
  • Deficiency Consequences
    		•
  • Toxicity/Side Effects
  • Contraindications
    		•
  • Additional Information
    		•
  • Drug Interactions




    • United States Recommended Dietary Allowances
    Men - 1.5 mg/day, Women - 1.1 mg/day, Pregnant women - 1.5 mg/day
    Nursing mothers - 1.6 mg/day, Children - 0.9 mg/day





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    Therapeutic Uses
    Converts amino acids, fats, and carbohydrates to energy; helps the heart and brain and is needed in the maintenance of the nervous system.





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    Sources
    Pork, organ meats, red meats, whole grains or enriched grains, nuts, cooked dried beans and peas, milk, cauliflower and spinach.





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    High-Risk Groups
    Alcoholics; Elderly; A low-quality diet comprised mostly of highly refined carbohydrates; Nursing infants whose mothers consume a vitamin B1 poor diet; High intake of coffee, tea, raw seafood, nitrite presrvatives, chlorinated tap water; Malabsorption syndromes; Chronic liver disease.




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    Deficiency Consequences
    Early stages called dry beriberi which consists of a polyneuritis (numbness and abnormal sensations in the arms and legs). In the advanced stages, it is called wet beriberi. The heart is involved in this stage and one can see congestive heart failure, increased heart rate, abnormal electrocardiograms, muscle wasting, swelling and enlarged heart. It can also develop into Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome which is characterized by brain involvement (mental confusion, irritability, personality changes, memory loss, depression, insomnia, headaches, and reduced attention span).



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    Toxicity/Side Effects
    Excessive amounts are rapidly cleared by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. No evidence of toxicity has been reported.





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    Contraindications
    Hypersensitivity to thiamine.






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    Additional Information/Precautions
    B-1 is known as Thiamine. Sensitivity reactions can occur. Deaths have occurred from IV use. Single vitamin B-1 deficiency is rare, suspect multiple vitamin deficiencies.





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    Drug Interactions
    None Reported.






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    References
    1. Chiropractic Nutritional Reference 1987 Edition, James M. Gerber, DC
    2. Facts and Comparisons Drug Information, Updated Monthly, Loose-leaf drug information service
    3. Understanding Vitamins and Minerals, by the editors of Prevention Magazine, 1984